Signs of Vitamin Deficiency and Toxicity

We recently discussed vitamins and their role in supporting the body’s various metabolic processes. These are classified “micronutrients” are necessary components to basic functions, but are also required in the optimal balance to achieve overall health and wellness. Clients may often inquire about supplementation and whether taking vitamins are necessary. A healthy and balanced diet usually requires all one needs to obtain essential vitamins, but only an in-depth vitamin analysis could reveal deficiencies and even toxically high levels of a particular vitamin.

Recall that there are two types of vitamins, water-soluble and fat soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are absorbed in the GI tract and are not readily stored (like fat-soluble vitamins), are utilized quickly, and need to be replenished more frequently as a result. Vitamins C and the B complex are water-soluble. Toxicity is unlikely since these vitamins are excreted quickly and not stored.

Fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K are mostly absorbed passively in the GI tract by binding to dietary fats and are also stored in the body’s fatty tissues making toxicity possible if an individual ingests too high a dose of one of these vitamins.

Consequences of Deficiencies and Overconsumption

Although vitamin needs, intake, and absorption will vary for each fitness client, there are some signs that will point to a deficiency or level of toxicity that requires attention and a referral to the appropriate health professionals. Here’s a simple breakdown — consider this your “cheat sheet” for a quick vitamin overview.

Though these organic compounds do not provide a caloric value and thus give us energy directly, they are both directly and indirectly involved in a number of metabolic processes and physiological functions. They are critical to surviving and thriving. As a fitness professional, you are not qualified to diagnose a deficiency (or toxicity) but you are qualified to review your clients’ macro and micronutrient patterns and observe changes in those patterns that may contribute to an issue later on. Remember, when in doubt, refer out.

Originally published on the NFPT Blog Site.